Business Studies – Class 11 & 12 Curriculum

Part A: Foundations of Business

🧩 Unit 1: Nature and Purpose of Business

Topics Covered:

• History of Trade and Commerce in India
  – Indigenous banking, intermediaries, major trade centers, exports/imports, and India’s role in world trade

• Business Concepts
  – Economic & non-economic activities, features of business

• Profession vs Employment vs Business
  – Meaning, comparison

• Objectives of Business
  – Economic and social objectives, role of profit

• Classification of Business Activities
  – Industry (primary, secondary, tertiary) and commerce

• Commerce & Auxiliaries to Trade
  – Trade types (internal, external), banking, insurance, warehousing, transportation, advertising

• Business Risk
  – Nature, causes, and understanding risk as a unique business feature

Learning Outcomes:

• Understand foundational business concepts

• Differentiate forms of economic activity

• Explore risk, profit, and classification in business

🏢 Unit 2: Forms of Business Organisation

Topics Covered:

• Sole Proprietorship – Concept, merits, limitations

• Partnership – Concept, types, registration, partners, merits, limitations

• Hindu Undivided Family Business

• Cooperative Societies – Types: consumer, producer, credit, etc.

• Companies – Public, Private, One Person Company

• Stages in Formation of a Company

• Choice of Suitable Form of Business

Learning Outcomes:

• Identify and compare different forms of business organization

• Understand the processes and legal structures involved in formation

💰 Unit 7: Sources of Business Finance

Part B: Finance and Trade

Topics Covered:

• Concept of Business Finance

• Owner’s Funds – Equity, preference shares, retained earnings

• Borrowed Funds – Debentures, bonds, bank loans, public deposits, trade credit, ICDs

Learning Outcomes:

• Distinguish between different funding sources and their implications

Part C: Project Work (Choose Any One)

🧪 Project I: Field Visit

Choose from:

• Handicraft Unit

• Industry

• Wholesale Market (vegetables, garments, etc.)

• Departmental Store

• Mall

Observations May Include:

• Nature of business

• Product sourcing & processing

• Role of middlemen, stakeholders

• Working conditions, marketing, technology, logistics

🏛️ Unit 3: Public, Private & Global Enterprises

Topics Covered:

• Concept of Public and Private Sectors

• Forms of Public Sector Enterprises – Departmental Undertaking, Statutory Corporation, Government Company

• Global Enterprises – Features

• Joint Ventures, Public-Private Partnership

Learning Outcomes:

• Understand the structure and role of enterprises across sectors

📦 Unit 4: Business Services

Topics Covered:

• Business Services – Banking, Insurance, Transportation, Communication, Warehousing

• Banking – Account types, e-banking, services like drafts, overdraft, cash credit

• Insurance – Principles (Utmost Good Faith, Indemnity, etc.), types: life, fire, marine, health

• Postal & Courier Services – Types and utility

Learning Outcomes:

• Grasp various support services critical to commerce and trade

🌐 Unit 5: Emerging Modes of Business

Topics Covered:

• E-Business – Concept, scope, benefits

• Difference between traditional and e-business

Learning Outcomes:

• Explore the growing importance and functionality of digital business

🌱 Unit 6: Social Responsibility & Business Ethics

Topics Covered:

• Concept & Need for Social Responsibility

• Responsibility toward various stakeholders

• Role in Environmental Protection

• Business Ethics – Meaning and key elements

Learning Outcomes:

• Understand the ethical and societal responsibilities of businesses

🏪 Unit 8: Small Business

Topics Covered:

• Entrepreneurship Development (ED) – Characteristics, Startup India, IPRs

• Definition of MSMEs (as per MSMED Act 2006)

• Role in rural and urban India

• Government support – NSIC, DIC, schemes

Learning Outcomes:

• Recognize the value of small enterprises and support mechanisms

🛒 Unit 9: Internal Trade

Topics Covered:

• Concept & Types – Wholesale, Retail

• Retail Types – Itinerant and Fixed Shop Retailers

• Departmental Stores, Chain Stores

• Mail Order Business

• Goods and Services Tax (GST) – Concept and features

Learning Outcomes:

• Understand the functioning and structure of internal trade

🌍 Unit 10: International Business

Topics Covered:

• Concept & Benefits of International Trade

• Export Trade – Meaning, procedure

• Import Trade – Meaning, procedure

• Documents – Indent, Letter of Credit, Shipping Bill, Mate’s Receipt

• World Trade Organization (WTO) – Meaning, objectives

Learning Outcomes:

• Explore the scope and functioning of international commerce

📦 Project II: Case Study on a Product

Select seasonal/local products like apples, mangoes, tea, pottery, etc.

Study Includes:

• Price trends, warehousing & transport effects

• Role of advertising, banking, insurance, retail

• Impact on local economy

💼 Project III: Aids to Trade

Example: Insurance

Explore:

• History, principles, types, companies

• Importance to business and farmers

• Career opportunities

🚢 Project IV: Import/Export Procedure

Includes:

• Study of a local import/export product

• Link textbook theory with real procedures

• Collect and describe relevant documents

📝 Project Report Submission Guidelines

• Cover page: Title, student name, school, year

• Sections: Acknowledgments, Introduction, Observations, Charts/Graphs

• Final summary: Conclusions, Findings

• Handwritten and neatly presented

• Assessment out of 20 marks:

  • Initiative & Participation: 2 marks

  • Creativity: 2 marks

  • Research Work: 4 marks

  • Analysis: 4 marks

  • Viva: 8 marks